Hierarchical Cognitive Structuring and Game Mechanics Alignment in Educational Game Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Umi Rosyidah; Purwanto; Putri Taqwa Prasetyaningrum

doi:10.63158/journalisi.v8i5.1739

Authors

Umi Rosyidah Diponegoro University
Purwanto Diponegoro University
Putri Taqwa Prasetyaningrum Mercu Buana University of Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63158/journalisi.v8i5.1739

Keywords:

Educational Games, Game System Design, Cognitive Integration, Systematic Literature Review, PRISMA

Abstract

Educational games are increasingly used to support meaningful learning, yet the ways in which cognitive progression is translated into game mechanics and system-level design remain insufficiently explicit in the literature. This study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to review empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 and indexed in Scopus and IEEE Xplore. After screening and eligibility assessment, 68 studies were included. Constructivist approaches were predominant, while only 15 studies (22.1%) explicitly represented a hierarchical cognitive structure to organize gameplay progression; the remaining 53 studies (77.9%) represented cognitive progression implicitly. Recurring operational patterns included level-based progression, sequenced task organization, and adaptive scaffolding through feedback. The findings indicate that explicit cognitive-mechanics alignment is underreported in the reviewed corpus rather than absent from educational game design. For design practice, the results highlight the need for traceable frameworks that connect cognitive objectives with missions, rules, feedback, progression, and assessment tasks. Because the search was limited to Scopus and IEEE Xplore, the findings should not be interpreted as exhaustive coverage of all educational game research.

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